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Nutraceuticals 2020: MiRNA: A Possible new Scenario on Nutraceuticals

Roberto Cannataro Galascreen

MicroRNA (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNA sequences, expressed in every cells, powerful regulators of protein synthesis and therefore of various biochemical pathways. Each miRNA is paired with different regions of RNA; therefore a miRNA is capable of regulating more than one metabolic pathway. A very important feature is that of being circulating in plasma, but they have been found in practically all biological fluids, saliva, urine, milk to name a few. They are strongly conserved starting from the simplest organisms such as plants; therefore miRNAs are also taken through food, there is some evidence for which they could be assimilated and therefore have a regulatory action. Therefore they could represent an explanation of the beneficial action of some vegetable foods and even more of the beneficial action of milk; they are in fact present in both human milk and other mammals, with very strong analogies. Therefore they could represent the future of nutraceuticals, both as products in their own right, but probably even more so to enrich foods that already contain them. The miRNA is a non-coding small RNA. Although miRNA does not code for any protein or peptide, it plays important roles inside the law of gene expression. it’s far recognized that miRNA inhibits the expression of its goal genes by binding to the 3′-untranslated area (three′-UTR) of specific target gene for maximum component, causing inhibition of translation or degradation of goal mRNA . In most cancers cells, a few miRNAs are tumor suppressors inhibiting the expression of oncogenes while a few miRNAs feature as oncogenic regulators via downregulation of tumor suppressors. High stage of oncogenic miRNAs and low expression of tumor-suppressive miRNAs are typically determined in cancer cells . these aberrant expressions of miRNAs lead to the improvement and development of cancers.